Smart Contract Architecture

Neovestor Smart Contract Architecture

Tokenizing Real-World Assets (RWAs) on Solana

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Core Programs

neovestor_token (SPL Token-2022 Extension)

Purpose: Mint and manage tokenized RWAs (e.g., real estate, private credit). Key Features:

• Transfer Hooks: Enforce compliance checks (e.g., KYC/AML) before transfers.

• Metadata: Store RWA details (e.g., asset type, valuation, legal docs) using Token-2022 metadata extensions.

• Mint Freeze Authority: Pause token transfers during emergencies via DAO governance.

// Pseudocode (Anchor Framework)  
#[derive(Accounts)]  
pub struct MintRwa<'info> {  
    #[account(init, payer = authority, space = 8 + 64)]  
    pub rwa_mint: Account<'info, Mint>,  
    #[account(mut)]  
    pub authority: Signer<'info>,  
    pub token_program: Program<'info, Token2022>,  
    pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,  
}  

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neovestor_compliance (Custom Program)

Purpose: Validate investor eligibility and enforce regulatory rules. Key Features:

• KYC/AML Checks: Integrate with Fractal ID or Circle’s API to verify identities.

• Geoblocking: Restrict transfers to/from OFAC-sanctioned regions.

• Whitelists: Allow only approved wallets to hold tokenized RWAs.

#[instruction(allowed_countries: Vec<String>)]  
pub fn enforce_kyc(ctx: Context<EnforceKyc>) -> Result<()> {  
    let country = get_investor_country(&ctx.accounts.investor.key())?;  
    require!(allowed_countries.contains(&country), NeovestorError::BlockedRegion);  
    Ok(())  
}  

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neovestor_governance (Custom DAO Program)

Purpose: Manage protocol upgrades, fees, and asset onboarding via decentralized governance. Key Features:

• Proposal System: Stake $NEO tokens to propose changes (e.g., adjust reserve ratios).

• Quadratic Voting: Prevent whale dominance using vote weighting.

• Time Locks: Delay execution of critical proposals (e.g., 72 hours).

#[account]  
pub struct Proposal {  
    pub id: u64,  
    pub description: String,  
    pub votes_for: u64,  
    pub votes_against: u64,  
    pub executed: bool,  
}  

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neovestor_liquidity (SPL Token + Custom Logic)

Purpose: Manage liquidity reserves and redemptions. Key Features:

• Reserve Pool: Automatically hold 10% of deposits in USDC for instant withdrawals.

• Staking Vaults: Allow users to stake RWA tokens for yield (e.g., 5% APY in USDC).

• Oracle Pricing: Fetch real-time RWA valuations via Pyth Network.

pub fn calculate_redemption(ctx: Context<CalculateRedemption>, amount: u64) -> Result<()> {  
    let nav = PythOracle::get_price(&ctx.accounts.rwa_mint)?;  
    let usdc_value = amount.checked_mul(nav).ok_or(NeovestorError::MathError)?;  
    ctx.accounts.investor.usdc_balance += usdc_value;  
    Ok(())  
}  

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neovestor_vault (Squads Multi-Sig Integration)

Purpose: Securely manage treasury and asset collateral. Key Features:

• Multi-Sig Approvals: Require 3/5 signers for withdrawals (via Squads Protocol).

• Collateralization: Over-collateralize loans (125% LTV) to mitigate defaults.

// Squads-compatible instruction  
pub fn withdraw_from_vault(ctx: Context<WithdrawVault>, amount: u64) -> Result<()> {  
    require!(ctx.accounts.squad.has_quorum(3), NeovestorError::InsufficientApprovals);  
    // Transfer funds  
    Ok(())  
}  

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Key Solana Native Integrations

• SPL Token-2022:

  • Use Token-2022 for transfer hooks, metadata, and interest-bearing tokens.

• BPF Loader:

  • Deploy upgradeable programs using Solana’s BPF loader.

• Cross-Program Invocation (CPI):

  • Securely call SPL Token, Pyth Oracle, and Squads programs via CPI.

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Security Practices

• Audits:

  • Third-party audits for custom programs.

• Anchor Framework:

  • Use Anchor for Rust-based safety (type-safe accounts, input validation).

• Transfer Hooks:

  • Enforce compliance checks via Token-2022’s transfer-hook interface.

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Example Workflow: Tokenizing Real Estate

1. Asset Onboarding:

   • DAO approves a new real estate asset via neovestor_governance.

2. Mint Tokens:

   • neovestor_token mints 1M tokens representing 10% ownership of a $50M property.

3. Investor Purchase:

   • User deposits USDC, passes neovestor_compliance checks, and receives tokens.

4. Income Distribution:

   • Rental income converted to USDC and distributed via neovestor_liquidity.

5. Redemption:

   • Investor burns tokens to redeem USDC from neovestor_vault.

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Future Upgrades

• Cross-Chain RWAs:

  • Use Wormhole to bridge assets to Ethereum/Polygon.

• Dynamic NFTs:

  • Represent asset ownership tiers via Metaplex.

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This architecture leverages Solana’s speed, low costs, and native token standards to deliver a compliant, scalable platform for institutional RWAs. For implementation guidance, refer to the Solana Program Library and Anchor Documentation.