Smart Contract Architecture

Neovestor Smart Contract Architecture

Tokenizing Real-World Assets (RWAs) on Solana

Core Programs

neovestor_token (SPL Token-2022 Extension)

Purpose: Mint and manage tokenized RWAs (e.g., real estate, private credit). Key Features:

  • Transfer Hooks: Enforce compliance checks (e.g., KYC/AML) before transfers.

  • Metadata: Store RWA details (e.g., asset type, valuation, legal docs) using Token-2022 metadata extensions.

  • Mint Freeze Authority: Pause token transfers during emergencies via DAO governance.

// Pseudocode (Anchor Framework)  
#[derive(Accounts)]  
pub struct MintRwa<'info> {  
    #[account(init, payer = authority, space = 8 + 64)]  
    pub rwa_mint: Account<'info, Mint>,  
    #[account(mut)]  
    pub authority: Signer<'info>,  
    pub token_program: Program<'info, Token2022>,  
    pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,  
}

neovestor_compliance (Custom Program)

Purpose: Validate investor eligibility and enforce regulatory rules. Key Features:

  • KYC/AML Checks: Integrate with Fractal ID or Circle’s API to verify identities.

  • Geoblocking: Restrict transfers to/from OFAC-sanctioned regions.

  • Whitelists: Allow only approved wallets to hold tokenized RWAs.

#[instruction(allowed_countries: Vec<String>)]  
pub fn enforce_kyc(ctx: Context<EnforceKyc>) -> Result<()> {  
    let country = get_investor_country(&ctx.accounts.investor.key())?;  
    require!(allowed_countries.contains(&country), NeovestorError::BlockedRegion);  
    Ok(())  
}

neovestor_governance (Custom DAO Program)

Purpose: Manage protocol upgrades, fees, and asset onboarding via decentralized governance. Key Features:

  • Proposal System: Stake $NEO tokens to propose changes (e.g., adjust reserve ratios).

  • Quadratic Voting: Prevent whale dominance using vote weighting.

  • Time Locks: Delay execution of critical proposals (e.g., 72 hours).

#[account]  
pub struct Proposal {  
    pub id: u64,  
    pub description: String,  
    pub votes_for: u64,  
    pub votes_against: u64,  
    pub executed: bool,  
}

neovestor_liquidity (SPL Token + Custom Logic)

Purpose: Manage liquidity reserves and redemptions. Key Features:

  • Reserve Pool: Automatically hold 10% of deposits in USDC for instant withdrawals.

  • Staking Vaults: Allow users to stake RWA tokens for yield (e.g., 5% APY in USDC).

  • Oracle Pricing: Fetch real-time RWA valuations via Pyth Network.

pub fn calculate_redemption(ctx: Context<CalculateRedemption>, amount: u64) -> Result<()> {  
    let nav = PythOracle::get_price(&ctx.accounts.rwa_mint)?;  
    let usdc_value = amount.checked_mul(nav).ok_or(NeovestorError::MathError)?;  
    ctx.accounts.investor.usdc_balance += usdc_value;  
    Ok(())  
}

neovestor_vault (Squads Multi-Sig Integration)

Purpose: Securely manage treasury and asset collateral. Key Features:

  • Multi-Sig Approvals: Require 3/5 signers for withdrawals (via Squads Protocol).

  • Collateralization: Over-collateralize loans (125% LTV) to mitigate defaults.

// Squads-compatible instruction  
pub fn withdraw_from_vault(ctx: Context<WithdrawVault>, amount: u64) -> Result<()> {  
    require!(ctx.accounts.squad.has_quorum(3), NeovestorError::InsufficientApprovals);  
    // Transfer funds  
    Ok(())  
}

Key Solana Native Integrations

  • SPL Token-2022:

    • Use Token-2022 for transfer hooks, metadata, and interest-bearing tokens.

  • BPF Loader:

    • Deploy upgradeable programs using Solana’s BPF loader.

  • Cross-Program Invocation (CPI):

    • Securely call SPL Token, Pyth Oracle, and Squads programs via CPI.

Security Practices

  • Audits:

    • Third-party audits for custom programs.

  • Anchor Framework:

    • Use Anchor for Rust-based safety (type-safe accounts, input validation).

  • Transfer Hooks:

Example Workflow: Tokenizing Real Estate

  1. Asset Onboarding:

    • DAO approves a new real estate asset via neovestor_governance.

  2. Mint Tokens:

    • neovestor_token mints 1M tokens representing 10% ownership of a $50M property.

  3. Investor Purchase:

    • User deposits USDC, passes neovestor_compliance checks, and receives tokens.

  4. Income Distribution:

    • Rental income converted to USDC and distributed via neovestor_liquidity.

  5. Redemption:

    • Investor burns tokens to redeem USDC from neovestor_vault.

Future Upgrades

  • Cross-Chain RWAs:

    • Use Wormhole to bridge assets to Ethereum/Polygon.

  • Dynamic NFTs:

    • Represent asset ownership tiers via Metaplex.

This architecture leverages Solana’s speed, low costs, and native token standards to deliver a compliant, scalable platform for institutional RWAs. For implementation guidance, refer to the Solana Program Library and Anchor Documentation.

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